Breast Cancer: Impact of Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Among  Premenopausal Women of Karachi, Sindh

Mehir un Nisa Iqbal; Syed Amir Maqbool; Taseer Ahmad Khan

doi:10.55279/jafmdc.v5i1.250

Breast Cancer: Impact of Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Among Premenopausal Women of Karachi, Sindh

Authors

Mehir un Nisa Iqbal
Syed Amir Maqbool
Taseer Ahmad Khan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v5i1.250

Keywords:

Breast cancer; risk factors; modifiable; non-modifiable; premenopausal

Abstract

Objective: The goal of present study was to probe the interplay between modifiable and non-modifiable factors and breast cancer (BC) risk.
Methodology: Two hundred and twenty-eight (228) BC cases and 503 healthy volunteers with 20-45years of age without history of BC were recruited from tertiary hospitals located in Karachi, a metropolitan city ofPakistan. Major risk factors for the BC were evaluated using pretested self-structured questionnaire.
Results: The adjusted regression analysis showed that Balouchi (OR=12.93, 95%CI=4.26-39.17) and Sindhi (OR=9.41, 95%CI=4.72-18.77) ethnicity, familial history of BC (OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.16-2.91), low socioeconomic status (OR=26.81, 95%CI=17.56-40.94), marital age >30yrs (OR=20.99, 95%CI=4.15-106.24),hormone replacement therapy (OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.03-3.69), being obese (OR=1.589, 95%CI=1.03-2.46),high waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) (OR=2.69, 95%CI=1.67-4.32), apple shape body (OR=2.62, 95%CI=1.63-4.21), consanguineous marriages (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.15-2.29) and sun exposure <1 hr/day (OR=7.56,95%CI=3.002-19.04), daily intake of beef (OR = 1.544, 95%CI=1.004-2.373), dry fruits (OR=1.922,95%CI=1.233-2.996), rice (OR= 2.412, 95%CI=1.17-4.973), tea and coffee (OR=2.299, 95%CI=1.246-4.24)and less consumption of milk (OR=1.942, 95%CI=1.344-2.807) and fruits (OR=2.952, 95%CI=1.505-5.792) were increased the BC risk among premenopausal women. Conversely, first pregnancy <24yrs (OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33-0.85), WHR <0.85 (OR=0.296, 95%CI=0.15-0.59), avocado body shape (OR=0.31,95%CI=0.16-0.61), excessive chicken (OR=0.403, 95%CI=0.206-0.791) and eggs (OR=0.479, 95CI=0.304-0.755) consumption were considered a protective factor.
Conclusion: Ethnicity, SES, marital age, HRT, breast cancer family history, overweight and obesity,intermarriages and sun exposure may be the major risk factors for BC among premenopausal women of Sindh,
Pakistan. Diet may also play a role in developing BC.

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Published

2023-06-09

How to Cite

Mehir un Nisa Iqbal, Syed Amir Maqbool, & Taseer Ahmad Khan. (2023). Breast Cancer: Impact of Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Among Premenopausal Women of Karachi, Sindh . Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College, 5(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v5i1.250

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Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College

Section

Original Articles

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