Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College

Perception of Undergraduate Students and Faculty Members Regarding the Use of Advanced Technology and Social Media in Nursing Education

Khalid Hussain — 2023-12-22

The advanced digital technology is a need of the century. The Covid-19 shifted the educational world to e-learning. The closure of institutes has extensive negative implications for healthcare industry. To assess perception of undergraduate nursing students and faculty members regarding the use of advanced and social media in education, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Jinnah College of Nursing, Sohail University Karachi, Pakistan from September to October 2021. 160 male and female nursing students and 20 faculty members were included after ERC approval. Two Questionnaires, one for students and another for faculty members were used.. A significant median comparison of student’s perception score was found with program of nursing (p=0.011) and qualification (p=0.033). This study describes the positive perception of nursing students and faculty members. However, proper and planned training can create significant outcomes.

A Difficult Case to Diagnose: Machado-Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type III

Muhammad Sohail Ajmal Ghoauri — 2023-12-22

Machado-Joseph Disease, also known as Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type III, was initially described in patients of Azorean heritage as a neurodegenerative disease but is now known to occur globally. The main clinical involvement is cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction causing progressive ataxia and usually disease onset is in young-adult to mid-adult years. A 20-year old female presented with a 3-year history of gradual onset, progressively worsening gait abnormality and tremor of the right hand. On examination, she had gargoyle-like facial features and pes cavus. On neurologic examination, she had dystonic tremor of right hand, cerebellar ataxia, dysdiadokokinesia, abnormal heel-shin coordination, hyperreflexia with downgoing plantar reflex bilaterally. Her MRI scan brain revealed communicating hydrocephalus with cerebellar atrophy. She was diagnosed with Machado-Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia type III.

The Frequency of anxiety and its associated factors among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment in Faisalabad

Kaneez Uma Farva Kausar — 2023-12-22

Objective: To determine the frequency of anxiety and its association with demographic and disease related factors among breast cancer patients
Methodology: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted from August 2022 to May 2023 at two public tertiary care hospitals of Faisalabad. The Study population consisted of the female patients with breast cancer visiting for treatment to the Oncology departments of public tertiary care hospitals Faisalabad. A nonprobability purposive sample of n=319 participants was recruited. All participants were given close ended questionnaires along with further detailed sheet of information. A written consent was implied to every participant along with the questionnaire. After data collection it was entered and analyzed in SPSS version- 21.
Results: Findings revealed that 60% and37% of the Subjects have mild and moderate Anxiety levels. Findings also revealed that age, education and patients having minors had significant association with the level of anxiety. Moreover type of treatment for breast cancer and disease duration also showed significant association with anxiety levels.
Conclusion: Anxiety is prevalent among female breast cancer patients and significantly associated with the demographic and disease related factors.

The Frequency of Catheter induced urinary tract infection in patients undergoing major gynecological and obstetrical surgeries at a local tertiary care hospital.

Maria Jabeen — 2023-12-22

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of catheter associated urinary tract infections in patients undergoing major gynecological & obstetrical surgeries.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi. Duration of this study was six months from 1st December 2018 till 31st May 2019. A total of 246 patients were included in the study. Sample collection was done using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients who had routine catheter insertion for duration of 1-2 days during major gynecological and obstetrical surgeries
were included in this study.
Results: A total of 246 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients were divided according to the duration of post-operative catheter exposure days (1 & 2). Sixty five patients were reported to have catheter induced urinary tract infection (UTI) with an overall infection rate of 26.4%.The highest rate of urinary tract infection (47.5%) was reported in patients who had their catheters removed on post-operative day 2. Most prevalent organism causing catheter induced UTI was reported to be E coli (22.4%). Chi Square test showed statistical significant association with p value 0.001 with the duration of catheterization removal and catheter induced UTI.
Conclusion: Prolonged duration of indwelling Foley catheter in post-operative Gynecology patients was associated with an increased incidence of Urinary Tract Infection. Multiparous women are more prone to get CAUTI as compared to nulliparous women.

Usage of Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampati Scoring and Brodsky Grading in Adults with Hypertrophic Palatine Tonsils and Sleep Disordered Breathing

Ayesha Mehwish — 2023-12-22

Objective: We aimed to determine the correlation of Modified Mallampati scoring and Brodsky tonsillar grading as indicative factor for sleep disordered breathing by using an Epworth sleepiness scale in patients with hypertrophic tonsils.
Methodology: Data for this prospective cross-sectional analytical study was collected at an ENT Department of PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi between January to July 2021. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. After taking informed consent, a subject evaluation proforma was filled which involved detailed personal history of the selected subjects with hypertrophic tonsils and sleep disordered breathing. Epworth sleepiness scale was assessed, Physical examination of subjects involved grading of tonsils and examination of the tongue was done. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 23.0
software.
Results: The present study enrolled (n=54) adult subjects with mean age calculated to be 25.72 ± 7.9 SD. Pre-operative Epworth scores were significantly lower in subjects with Brodsky grade I and II as compared to higher grades which is in accordance with increasing severity of obstruction as tonsil grading advanced. Furthermore, statistically significant association was seen between Epworth scoring and Mallampati grading.
Conclusion: The results of the current study generated significant recommendations for the evaluation of the anatomy of pharynx, use of Epworth questionnaire, Mallampati and Brodsky classification might be a rapid, non-invasive screening tool for advance identification and timely intervention for subjects at risk of sleep disordered breathing.

Breast Cancer; Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Abnormalities in Women of Reproductive Age-Retrospective Study.

Syed Muhammad Ali Haider — 2023-12-22

Objective: To examine the clinical spectrum of breast cancer, its symptoms, presentation, histologic types and different types of its genetic aberrations in the women of reproductive age.
Methodology: This Retrospective study was conducted at the Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) Hospital, Taxila Cantt, from March 2022 to December 2022. The Temporal sampling technique was used to collect the data. We looked at the data of patients with breast cancer that were treated at the HIT hospital Taxila. The retrospective data was collected from the files of the patients who visited HIT Hospital, dated back from January 2011 to December 2020. The study included women of reproductive age with breast cancer symptoms, regardless of whether they had a family history of the disease. The women with metastatic breast lesions and breast trauma were excluded from the study. Age, hormone receptor status, axillary lymph node status, histologic grade and subtype, tumor size margin status, menopausal status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)/neu status, and the entire genetic spectrum were all included in the charts. The clinical spectrum, staging, and genetic spectrum are all described in tables.
Results: The disease's genetic makeup was found to be quite diverse, with abnormalities in genes; ATM, BARD1, CDH1, and BRCA2 making up 2 (3%) each, 3 (4%) breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2 abnormalities making up 48 (67%) of the cases. Twelve (16%) of the patients had TP53 mutations, while two (2%) of the patients had NF1 and RECQL gene alterations.
Conclusions: This study identifies multiple genes that contribute to the development of breast cancer, including BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, BARD1 and Cadherin 1 (CDH1) genes.

Use of activity-based learning to improve students’ drive for knowledge & enhance their academic performance in the subject of forensic medicine: a cross-sectional survey from a private medical college of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad Asfand Yar — 2023-12-22

Objective: To assess the effect of activity-based learning on students’ drive to acquire knowledge of the subject and enhance their academic performance.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the students of a private medical college in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 101 students of 3rd year MBBS of Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College were selected using non-probability sampling after informed consent. Data was collected after approval from Institutional Ethical Review Committee of AFMDC using a pretested self-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by the Statistical package for social sciences version 25.
Results: Majority of the participants (56.4%) chose the Activity Based Learning (ABL) in small groups as their favorite learning methodology, followed by 18.8% (19 out of 101) who opted for ABL as a whole class. Approximately 59% students found ABL very interesting and useful while 41.5% of the participants considered ABL as a source of good understanding of the basic items/topics in forensic medicine. Similarly, majority of the participants were found completely motivated and satisfied with
ABL and gained a lot, while 17.5% of the participants liked the traditional lecture-based system. Participants when asked about their opinion regarding implementing ABL in forensic medicine lecture, 80.5% supported ABL and responded that it should be continued. Conclusions: Our study showed that Activity Based Learning proved very helpful for the students in
improving their academic knowledge.